Technical Resources
We've assembled a great collection of websites and documents from the web that can help you do your job better. If you've got a resource you would like to share with SORP members - send it to us at [email protected]
Let us know if any of the links are not working.
Index of Subjects
Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility
Websites
Outdoor F.U.T.U.R.E. Initiative: https://outdoorfuture.org/
Together Outdoors: https://www.togetheroutdoors.com/
Together Outdoors Resource Hub: https://resourcehub.togetheroutdoors.com/
The Avarna Group: https://theavarnagroup.com/
EcoInclusive: https://www.ecoinclusive.org/
National Center on Accessibility: http://ncaonline.org
National Park Service - Harpers Ferry Center: https://www.nps.gov/hfc/accessibility/
The Outdoor Equity App: https://shinyapps.bren.ucsb.edu/oe_app/
Universal Design: http://www.universaldesign.com/
Universal Design for Water Trails: www.dcr.virginia.gov/recreational_planning/tr-sbiic1a.shtml
U.S. Access Board: www.access-board.gov
U.S. Forest Service: www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/accessibility/
Documents
Idea Sheet for Accessible Playgrounds (Indiana DNR, 2009, 0.6 MB)
Making Outdoor Programs Accessible (Mohonk Preserve, 2005)
Outdoor Developed Areas: a summary of accessibility standards for Federal outdoor developed areas (U.S. Access Board, 2014, 7.1 MB)
Universal Access Trails and Shared Use Paths (Pennsylvania Land Trust Association, 2014, 6.4 MB)
Disability Awareness and Planning for Accessibility during Events
Racial and Ethnic Diversity and Inclusion Efforts of Public Park and Recreation Agencies
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Access to Public Lands
Websites
U.S. Forest Service Urban Connections Program
Documents
Landlocked: Measuring Public land Access in the West (Center for Western Priorities, 2013, 7 MB)
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Agency Recreation Resources
Websites
Bureau of Land Management Land Use Planning: www.blm.gov/planning/
Bureau of Reclamation: www.usbr.gov/recreation/
California State Parks, Park and Recreation Technical Services: www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=22226
Environmental Protection Agency: www.epa.gov/lawsregs/search/index.html
Interagency Visitor Use Management Council: http://visitorusemanagement.nps.gov/
National Park Service: www.nature.nps.gov/publications/index.cfm
National Park Service Planning Site: https://parkplanning.nps.gov/planningHome.cfm
NPS Rivers, Trails & Conservation Assistance: https://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/rtca/helpfultools/Toolbox/
NEPA Net: http://energy.gov/nepa/office-nepa-policy-and-compliance
Park and Recreation Professionals Glossary: www.parks.ca.gov/pages/795/files/glossary_7-15-04_complete.pdf
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Natural Resource Management Gateway: http://corpslakes.usace.army.mil/
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Refuge Planning Documents: https://www.fws.gov/refuges/planning/comprehensive.html
U.S. Forest Service: http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/ https://www.fs.usda.gov/managing-land/national-forests-grasslands/recreation/programs/planning
Documents
Bureau of Land Management Recreation Strategy (2014, 2.1 MB)
U.S. Forest Service Framework for Sustainable Recreation (June 2010, 1 MB)
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Byways
Websites
National Scenic Byways Program: www.bywaysonline.org
Documents
Development of a Resource Planning Index for Washington's Scenic and Recreational Highways (WA DOT, 2010, 1.6 MB)
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Children in Nature
Websites
California Children in Nature Campaign: www.parks.ca.gov/cinc
California State Parks: A Valuable Resource for Youth Health: https://www.ioes.ucla.edu/project/youthoutdoors/
Children and Nature Network Research: http://www.childrenandnature.org/research/
Pathways for Play: http://pathwaysforplay.org/default.aspx
Documents
Back to School: Back Outside (National Wildlife Federation, 2010, 2.8 MB)
Beyond Outreach – Sharing Innovative Approaches for Engaging Youth from Diverse Communities (National Park Service, 2012) - Report (3.2 MB) - Handbook (1.2 MB)
California Children's Outdoor Bill of Rights (2012, 0.7 MB)
Maryland Partnership for Children in Nature (2009, 8.8 MB)
Oregon Environmental Literacy Plan (2010, 2.2 MB)
Shared Nature Experience as a Pathway to Strong Family Bonds (Children & Nature Network, 2009)
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Climate Change
Websites
Sea Level Rise Analysis from Climate Central: http://sealevel.climatecentral.org/
Documents
Impacts of Climate Change on Outdoor Recreation Participation: Outlook to 2060
Unequal impact - The Deep Links Between Racism and Climate Change
Climate Change Is Changing the Face of Outdoor Recreation
Climate Change and Outdoor Recreation Resources
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Concessions
Websites
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Policies: http://www.usbr.gov/recreation/policies.html
U.S. Forest Service Special Uses: http://www.fs.fed.us/specialuses/
Documents
Campground Concession Desk Guide(USDA Forest Service)
Public Lands and Private Recreation Enterprise: Policy Issues from a Historical Perspective (U.S. Forest Service, 2002, 1.5 MB)
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Conservation
Websites
Greenprint Maryland: http://www.greenprint.maryland.gov/
Documents
Conserving Lands and Prosperity: Seeking a proper balance between conservation and development in the Rocky Mountain West (Southwick Associates, 2012, 1.7 MB)
Conservation Tools: An Evaluation and Comparison of the Use of Certain Land Preservation Mechanisms (Washington RCO, 2009) - Report (1.7 MB) - Appendix B (0.2 MB)
Conservation Works: How Congress can Lower the Deficit and Protect Wildlife & Public Health (National Wildlife Federation, 2011, 3 MB)
Mapping the Gaps Between Expert and Public Understandings of Urban Nature and Health (TKF Foundation, 2015, 0.5 MB)
Scaling Up Collaborative Approaches to Large Landscape Conservation (National Park Service, 2014, 3.7 MB)
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Data Sources
Websites
American Community Survey: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs
Internet Research Information Series: http://warnell.forestry.uga.edu/nrrt/nsre/IrisReports.html
National Association of Counties: www.naco.org
National Survey on Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife Associated Recreation:
http://wsfrprograms.fws.gov/Subpages/NationalSurvey/National_Survey.htm
National Survey on Recreation and the Environment: http://warnell.forestry.uga.edu/nrrt/nsre/index.html
National Visitor Use Monitoring: www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/nvum/
Net Migration Patterns for U.S. Counties: http://www.netmigration.wisc.edu/
Outdoor Industry Association: https://outdoorindustry.org/resource/2021-outdoor-participation-trends-report/
Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US): https://gapanalysis.usgs.gov/padus/
U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research Station: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/trends/
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Outdoor Economy
Websites
BEA Outdoor Recreation Satellite Account: https://www.bea.gov/data/special-topics/outdoor-recreation
Confluence of States: https://www.confluenceofstates.com/
Headwaters Economics: https://headwaterseconomics.org/
OSU Center for Outdoor Recreation Economy: CORE - Center for the Outdoor Recreation Economy (oregonstate.edu)
Outdoor Recreation Roundtable: https://recreationroundtable.org/
Outdoor Industry Association: https://outdoorindustry.org/research-tools/#p=1
Outdoor Recreation Economy: https://outdoorindustry.org/research-tools/outdoor-recreation-economy/
Documents
The Outdoors Drives Jobs: Career Paths in the Outdoor Recreation Economy (OSU and ORR, 2022)
COVID-19 IMPACTS ON THE OUTDOOR RECREATION ECONOMY (OSU and ORR, 2021)
2013 National Park Visitor Spending Effects ( 2014)
Economic Analysis of Outdoor Recreation in Washington State (2015)
The Value of State Office of Outdoor Recreation (ORR, 2022)
Economics Associated with Outdoor Recreation, Natural Resources Conservation and Historic Preservation in the U.S. (Southwick Associates, 2011)
Federal Interagency Council on Outdoor Recreation Outdoor Recreation: Jobs and Income (FICOR, 2014)
Hunting in America: An Economic Force for Conservation (Southwick Associates, 2013)
Snapshot of the Economic Impact of Outdoor Recreation (2012)
State Parks: Assessing the Benefits (Siikamäki, 2012)
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Environmental Justice
Websites
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment - Environmental Justice: https://cdphe.colorado.gov/environmental-justice
Intersectional Environmentalism: https://www.intersectionalenvironmentalist.com/
Justice Outside: https://justiceoutside.org/
Principles of Environmental Justice: https://www.ejnet.org/ej/principles.html
Documents
Coming to Terms with Environmental Justice in Outdoor Recreation A Conceptual Discussion with Research Implications
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Environmental Education
Websites
eePRO: https://naaee.org/eepro
eeWORKS: https://naaee.org/our-work/programs/eeworks
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Estimating Recreation Demand
Documents
Estimating Future Recreation Demand: A Decision Guide for the Practitioner (Bureau of Reclamation, 2007)
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Grants/Fundraising
Websites
Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance: https://www.cfda.gov/
Environmental Grantmakers Association: www.ega.org
FHWA Transportation Enhancements: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/transportation_enhancements/index.cfm
Foundation Center: http://foundationcenter.org/
Foundation Directory Online: http://fconline.fdncenter.org/
GuideStar: http://www.guidestar.org/Home.aspx
Grants.Gov: www.grants.gov
National Transportation Enhancements Clearinghouse: http://trade.railstotrails.org/index
The Conservation Alliance: www.conservationalliance.com
The Chronicle of Philanthropy: https://www.philanthropy.com/
The NonProfit Times: http://www.nptimes.com/
Tourism Cares: www.tourismcares.org
Documents
Creative Finance for Smaller Communities (Urban Land Institute, 2016, 5.6 MB)
Private Funding of Public Parks: Assessing the Role of Philanthropy (Walls, 2014, 1 MB)
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Greenways/Greenspace
Websites
Greenways Archive: https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/specialcollections/greenways/
Metropolitan Greenspace Alliance: http://metrogreenspace.org/index.html
Documents
Capital Area Greenway Planning & Design Guide (City of Raleigh, 2014, 8.8 MB)
Green Infrastructure: Smart Conservation for the 21st Century (The Conservation Fund, 2001)
Protecting Open Space: Tools and Techniques for Texans (NPS)
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Heritage Recreation
Websites
Alliance of National Heritage Areas: http://www.nationalheritageareas.us/
Documents
ACHP Policy on Archaeology, Heritage Tourism, and Education
Economic Impact of Heritage Tourism Spending (Alliance of National Heritage Areas, 2005)
The Economic Impact of National Heritage Areas (Tripp Umbach, February 2013, 0.7 MB)
Economic Impacts of National Heritage Area Visitor Spending; Summary Results from Seven NHA Visitor Surveys (Stynes and Sun, 2004)
Making Connections: Linking Outdoor Recreation, Open Space & History (NPCA, 2010, 4.4 MB)
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Indigenous Voices
Websites
Ecological Society of America, Traditional Ecological Knowledge Resources: https://www.esa.org/tek/resources/
Documents
Reimagining U.S. Federal Land Management through Decolonization and Indigenous Value Systems
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Journals
Websites
American Journal of Play: http://www.journalofplay.org/
Environmental History: http://envhis.oxfordjournals.org/
Journal of Facility Planning, Design and Management: http://js.sagamorepub.com/jfpdm
Journal of Leisure Research: http://js.sagamorepub.com/jlr
Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism: http://ees.elsevier.com/jort
Journal of Park & Recreation Administration: http://js.sagamorepub.com/jpra
Leisure Sciences: www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/01490400.asp
SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: http://js.sagamorepub.com/schole
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Livability
Websites
FHWA Livability Initiative: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/livability/tools/placefit/index.cfm#placefit
Documents
Costs for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Infrastructure Improvements (UNC Highway Safety Research Center, 2013, 2.8 MB)
Getting the Wheels Rolling A Guide to Using Policy to Create Bicycle Friendly Communities (Change Lab Solutions, 2013, 5.4 MB)
Livability in Transportation Guidebook (FHWA, 2010, 4.1 MB)
The Livability Economy (AARP, 2015, 4.1 MB)
The Road to Livability (AASHTO, April 2010, 1.1 MB)
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Operations and Maintenance
Websites
U.S. Forest Service, Technology and Development Center: http://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission: www.cpsc.gov
Documents
Appalachian Trail Conference Backcountry Sanitation Manual (ATC, 2001)
Bearproof Dumpster (U.S. Forest Service, 2003)
The Effectiveness of Vault-Toilet Odor-Control Products: An Update (U.S. Forest Service, 2007)
Field Evaluation of Electronic Fee-collection Machines for Forest Service Recreation Sites (U.S. Forest Service, 2000)
Handbook for Public Playground Safety (U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission)
In-Depth Design and Maintenance Manual for Vault Toilets (U.S. Forest Service, 1991)
Operation and Maintenance Manual for Hand Pumps (U.S. Forest Service, 1999)
Parks Safety Audit Form (City of Toronto)
Sweet-smelling Toilet Installation Guide (U.S. Forest Service, 2003)
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Parks
Websites
National Recreation and Park Association: http://www.nrpa.org/
The Trust for Public Land: https://www.tpl.org/
Documents
The Benefits of Parks: Why America Needs More City Parks and Open Space (The Trust for Public Land, 2006)
California State Parks: An Equitable and Sustainable Revenue Generation Strategy (California Research Bureau, 2014, 4.6 MB)
The Excellent City Park System (The Trust for Public Land, 2006)
Paying for State Parks: Evaluating Alternative Approaches for the 21st Century (Walls, 2013, 1MB)
The Paradox of Parks in Low Income Areas (Cohen et al, 2016, 0.4 MB)
The State of the Great Outdoors (Resources for the Future, 2009)
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Planning Guidance
Documents
Barriers to Implementing Protected Area Strategic Plans (Kohl, 2007, 1 MB)
Engaging Citizens in State Recreation Planning: Best Practices from Oregon (Waller, 2010, 1 MB)
Outdoor Recreation Business Plan Guidebook (Bureau of Reclamation, 2008, 2.6 MB)
Public Engagement Methods (Orton Family Foundation, 2015, 0.7 MB)
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Policy
Websites
Bureau of Land Management: http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/info/regulations/Instruction_Memos_and_Bulletins/blm_manual.html
Bureau of Reclamation: http://www.usbr.gov/recman/
National Park Service: https://www.nps.gov/applications/npspolicy/index.cfm
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: http://corpslakes.usace.army.mil/employees/policy-main.cfm
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: https://www.fws.gov/policy/
U.S. Forest Service: http://www.fs.fed.us/about-agency/regulations-policies
Documents
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Professional Organizations
Websites
America Outdoors: https://www.americaoutdoors.org/
American Academy for Park & Recreation Administration: http://www.aapra.org/
American Planning Association: www.planning.org
American Society of Landscape Architects: https://www.asla.org/default.aspx
Association of Outdoor Recreation and Education: http://www.aore.org/
Association for Conservation Information: http://www.aci-net.org/
George Wright Society: www.georgewright.org
National Association of County Park and Recreation Officials: http://www.nacpro.org/
National Association of State Outdoor Recreation Liaisons: www.nasorlo.org
National Association of State Park Directors: www.naspd.org
National Recreation and Park Association: www.nrpa.org
Organization of Wildlife Planners: http://wildlifeplanners.org/
River Management Society: https://www.river-management.org/
Society for Wilderness Stewardship: http://www.wildernessstewardship.org/
World Urban Parks: http://www.worldurbanparks.org/en/
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Public Health and Wellness
Websites
Active Living Research: http://activelivingresearch.org/
ASLA - Health Benefits of Nature: http://www.asla.org/healthbenefitsofnature.aspx
CDC Priority Strategy: Increasing Physical Activity Through Community Design
Healthy Living West Virgina: https://celebratinghealthywv.com/
Nature’s Impact on Human Health Guide
Pathways for Play: http://pathwaysforplay.org/default.aspx
Park Rx: https://www.parkrx.org/
Documents
Park, Trails, and Health Workbook (NPS & CDC)
Designed to Move: Active Cities (NIKE)
Healthy Parks Healthy People: the state of the evidence 2015 (Deakin University,)
Outdoor Recreation, Health and Wellness (Resources for the Future)
Park Prescriptions (Institute at the Golden Gate)
Promoting Active Living in Rural Communities (Active Living Research)
Research Synthesis: Parks, Playground and Active Living (Active Living Research)
Solving the Problem of Childhood Obesity within a Generation (White House Task Force)
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Publishers
Websites
Human Kinetics: www.humankinetics.com/Recreation
Sagamore Publishing: www.sagamorepub.com
Venture Publishing: www.venturepublish.com
Waterford Press: https://www.waterfordpress.com/
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Recreation Conflict
Websites
Recreation Conflict - Applied Research Clearinghouse: http://urpl.wisc.edu/sites/urpl.wisc.edu/files/people/marcouiller/clearinghouse/Applied%20Research%20Clearinghouse.html
Documents
Recreational User Conflict Resolution Principles (Pennsylvania DCNR, 1 MB)
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Recreate Responsibly
Websites
Recreate Responsibly Coalition: https://www.recreateresponsibly.org/
Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics: https://lnt.org/
Tread Lightly!: https://treadlightly.org/
Documents
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Research
Websites
Adventure Research Cache: http://www.indiana.edu/~iole/arc/search.php
Aldo Leopold Research Institute: www.leopold.wilderness.net
Coalition for Education in the Outdoors: http://www.outdooredcoalition.org/
Environmental Values and Demographic Research: http://warnell.forestry.uga.edu/nrrt/nsre
Headwaters Economics: http://headwaterseconomics.org/
Human Dimensions.gov: https://my.usgs.gov/hd/
Internet Research Information Series (IRIS): http://warnell.forestry.uga.edu/nrrt/nsre/IrisReports.html
National Outdoor Leadership School: www.nols.edu/resources/research/
National Park Service: www.nature.nps.gov/publications/index.cfm
Natural Resources Research Information Pages: http://www4.ncsu.edu/~leung/nrrips.html
Parks Stewardship Forum: https://escholarship.org/uc/psf
Playcore Center for Outreach, Research, & Education: https://www.playcore.com/core
Recreation Ecology Research Network: http://rececol.wikispaces.com/
U.S. Forest Service: http://treesearch.fs.fed.us
U.S. Forest Service Technology and Development Centers: https://www.fs.usda.gov/t-d/products.php
Wilderness net: www.wilderness.net
Documents
2017 North American Camper Report
Adaptive Management in Natural Parks
American Indian and Alaskan Native Participation in Land-based Outdoor Recreation Activities (2005, 1 MB)
Changes in recreational behaviors of outdoor enthusiasts during the COVID-19 pandemic
Igniting Research for Outdoor Recreation: Linking Science, Policy, and Action
The Paradox of Parks in Low Income Areas
Promises and pitfalls of using computer vision to make inferences about landscape preferences: Evidence from an urban-proximate park system
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Scenery Management
Websites
Federal Highway Administration:
https://www.environment.fhwa.dot.gov/guidebook/documents/VIA_Guidelines_for_Highway_Projects.asp
Documents
An Ecological Aesthetic for Forest Landscape Management (Gobster, 1999)
Forests and Landscapes: Linking Ecology, Sustainability and Aesthetics (Gobster, 2001)
Landscape Aesthetics: A Handbooks for Scenery Management
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Signage and Interpretation
Websites
NPS-Harpers Ferry Center: https://www.nps.gov/hfc/products/waysides/way-guide.cfm
National Association for Interpretation: https://www.interpnet.com/
Documents
Communicating Minimum Impacts Behavior on Bulletin Boards
Comparing the Effectiveness of Interpretive Sanctioned Messages for Influencing Wilderness Visitors’ Intended Behavior (Duncan and Martin, 2002)
Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor Design Guidelines (1995)
Iowa Water Trail Sign Manual (Iowa DNR)
NASBLA Universal Signage Recommendations
National Park Service Editorial Style Guide (2007)
National Park Service Map Standards (2005)
Promoting Persuasion in Protected Areas (Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre, 2007)
Sign Sense: Principals of Planning, Design, Fabrication and Installation (U.S. Forest Service)
Skagit Wild and Scenic River Sign Guide (U.S. Forest Service, 2002)
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Sustainability
Websites
A New Century of Forest Planning blog, Sustainable Recreation: http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2011/02/10/sustainable-recreation
Documents
Developing Sustainable Park Systems in Oregon (Tim Gallagher, June 2012, 1.2 MB)
San Mateo County Sustainability Action Plan (2016, 2.9 MB)
Sustainable Recreation powerpoint (Kreg Lindberg)
U.S. Forest Service Framework for Sustainable Recreation (June 2010, 1 MB)
U.S. Forest Service Sustainable Recreation and Tourism Study Results (2009)
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Tourism & Destination Stewardship
Websites
Indigenous Tourism BC: https://www.indigenousbc.com/
American Indian Alaska Native Tourism Association: https://www.aianta.org/
Cultural Heritage Tourism Planning: http://culturalheritagetourism.org/
Destination Analysts: http://www.destinationanalysts.com/
Heritage Tourism - Utah Div. of State History: http://www.planning.utah.gov/CRMPHeritageTourism.htm
International Ecotourism Society: www.ecotourism.org
MSU Extension – Tourism: http://msue.anr.msu.edu/topic/info/tourism
National Assembly of State Arts Agencies: http://www.nasaa-arts.org/Research/Key-Topics/Creative-Economic-Development/Cultural-Tourism-Resources.php
National Association of Gateway Communities: http://www.gatewaysusa.org/
National Geographic - Center for Sustainable Destinations: http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/sustainable/
Recreation Economies for Rural Communities: https://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/recreation-economy-rural-communities
UMN Tourism Center: http://www.tourism.umn.edu/
U of Wisconsin Extension - Center for Community and Economic Development: http://cced.ces.uwex.edu/
USDA Rural Tourism: https://www.nal.usda.gov/ric/rural-tourism
Documents
Compendium of Good Practices in Indigenous Tourism – Regional Focus on the Americas
Recreation, Tourism, and Rural Well Being (U.S. Forest Service, 2005)
State of the American Traveler (Destination Analysts Inc, April 2016)
State Parks and Gateway Communities: Development and Recreation Planning Issues in Wisconsin (Marcouiller, Olson and Prey, 2002)
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Trail Resources
Websites
American Trails: www.americantrails.org
Equestrian Land Conservation Resource: www.elcr.org/index.php
Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bicycle_pedestrian/publications/sidewalk2/pdf.cfm
FHWA Recreational Trails Program: www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/rectrails/
International Mountain Bicycling Association: www.imba.com
Leave No Trace: www.lnt.org
National Off-Highway Vehicle Conservation Council: http://nohvcc.org
NPS - North County Trail handbook: https://www.nps.gov/noco/learn/management/ncttrailconstructionmanual1.htm
NPS - Rivers Trails and Conservation Assistance: www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/rtca/helpfultools/ht_publications.html
Oregon Statewide Trails Plan: http://www.oregon.gov/oprd/Trail_Programs_Services/Pages/Trail-Plans.aspx
Partnership for the National Trails System: http://pnts.org/new/resources/tools-and-documents/
Rails to Trails Conservancy: www.railstotrails.org
Tread Lightly: https://www.treadlightly.org/
U.S. Forest Service, Trail Management: http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/trail-management/
Documents
Assessing and Understanding Trail Degradation: Results from Big South Fork National River and Recreational Area (Marion, 2006)
Collision Course: Off-road Vehicle Impacts on Hunting and Fishing (Izaak Walton League of America, 2007)
Comparing Relative Impacts of Various Trail User Groups (Keen, 1997)
Geosynthetics for Trails (U.S. Forest Service, 2000)
Hawaii Public Lands Liability (Hawaii DNR, 2006)
How Communities are Paying to Maintain Trails, Bike Lanes, and Sidewalks (Advocacy Advance, 2014, 2.2 MB)
Los Angeles County Trails Manual (Sapphos Environmental, Inc., 2011, 10.5MB)
Making Trails Count in Illinois (Trails for Illinois, 2013, 9.5MB)
Massachusetts DCR Trail Guidelines and Best Practices (2014, 3.9 MB)
Miami Valley Bike Plan Update (2015, 9.6 MB)
Minnesota Bikeways Manual (Minnesota DOT, 1996)
Managing Degraded OHV Trails in Wet, Unstable, and Sensitive Environments (U.S. Forest Service, 2002)
Off-Highway Motorcycle and ATV Trails Guidelines for Design, Construction, Maintenance and User Satisfaction (Wernex, 1994)
Ontario’s Best Trails: Guidelines and Best Practices for the Design, Construction and Maintenance of Sustainable Trails for all Ontarians (Trails for all Ontarians Collaborative, 2006)
Pennsylvania Trail Town Manual (Allegheny Trail Alliance, 2005)
Pennsylvania Trail Design Manual for Off-Highway Recreational Vehicles (Pennsylvania DCNR, 2004)
Planning Trails with Wildlife in Mind (Trails and Wildlife Task Force, Colorado State Parks, and Hellmund Associates, 1998, 0.6 MB)
Soil Stabilizers on Universally Accessible Trails (U.S. Forest Service, 2000)
Sustainable Trail Guide (Trail Towns Program, 2015, 3.7 MB)
Trail Construction and Maintenance Handbook (U.S. Forest Service, 2007)
Trail Ethics from Selected Park Districts
Trails and Economic Development (Rails to Trails Conservancy, 2007, 0.4 MB)
Universal Access Trails and Shared Use Paths (Pennsylvania Land Trust Association, 2014, 6.4 MB)
Wetland Trail Design and Construction (U.S. Forest Service, 2007)
Winter Bike Lane Maintenance (Alta Planning + Design, 2014, 0.6 MB)
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Training and Education
Websites
Arthur Carhart National Wilderness Training Center: http://carhart.wilderness.net
Bureau of Land Management, National Training Center: www.blm.gov/ntc/st/en.html
Clemson Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management Online Masters Program: http://www.clemson.edu/hehd/departments/prtm/graduate-program/ms-online.html
Eppley Institute: www.eppley.org
National Conservation Training Center: http://training.fws.gov
NRPA Accredited Academic Programs: http://www.nrpa.org/Content.aspx?id=1112
National Trails Training Partnership: http://www.americantrails.org/nttp/default.htm
Natural Resources Distance Learning Consortium: https://nrdlc.usu.edu/
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Visitor Experience Management
Documents
Creating More Meaningful Visitor Experiences: Planning for Interpretation and Education (Bureau of Reclamation, 2009, 1.0 MB)
Developing a Sustainable Customer Experience Management Plan for Public Land Management (Hoversten and Menzel-Baker, 2007, 1 MB)
A Literature Review of the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum and its Potential Application to Transportation in Parks and Public Lands (Paul S. Sarbanes Transit in Parks Technical Assistance Center, March 2011, 2.8 MB)
Project Planning ROS User's Guide, Chapter 60 (U.S. Forest Service, 1987, 1 MB)
ROS on Non-federal Lands in the Northeast (U.S. Forest Service, 2003, 1 MB)
ROS Users Guide (U.S. Forest Service, 1982, 6 MB)
The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum: A Framework for Planning, Management, and Research (Clark and Stankey, 1979, 1 MB)
VERP: The Visitor Experience and Resource Protection Framework A Handbook for Planners and Managers (National Park Service, 1997, 1 MB)
Water and Land Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Handbook (Bureau of Reclamation, 2011, 7 MB)
Water and Land Recreation Opportunity Spectrum: Inventory Protocol (Bureau of Reclamation, 2011, 0.2 MB)
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Visitor Use Management
Websites
Interagency Visitor Use Management Council: http://visitorusemanagement.nps.gov/
Documents
Applying Judicial Doctrine to Visitor Capacity Decision Making (Haas, 2002, 0.3 MB)
Belize Visitor Capacity Report (Salas & Haas, 2012, 0.7 MB)
Capacity Reconsidered: Finding Consensus and Clarifying Differences (Whittaker, Shelby, Manning, Cole, Haas, 2010, 1 MB)
Houseboat capacity analysis for Lake Berryessa, CA (Bureau of Reclamation, 2011, 1.4 MB)
Limits of Acceptable Change and Natural Resource Planning: When is LAC Useful, and When is it Not? (Cole and McCool, 1998)
New Melones Visitor Capacity Analysis (Haas, 2003, 2.6 MB)
Recreation capacity mapping for large landscapes (Haas & Slider, 2005, 0.1 MB)
Toward an Approach for Measuring Indicators of Facility Carrying Capacity in Outdoor Recreation Areas (Needham, Ceurvorst, Tynon, 2013, 0.5 MB)
Visitor Capacity on Public Lands and Waters (Haas, 2002)
Visitor Use Management Framework (2016, 1.9 MB)
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Water Recreation
Websites
American Canoe Association: www.americancanoe.org
American Rivers: www.americanrivers.org
American Whitewater: www.americanwhitewater.org
Blue Trails Guide: http://www.bluetrailsguide.org/
Iowa DNR - Water Trail Development Tools: http://www.iowadnr.gov/Things-to-Do/Canoeing-Kayaking/Water-Trail-Development-Tools
National Water Trail System toolbox: https://www.nps.gov/WaterTrails/Toolbox
NPS - Logical Lasting Launches: https://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/rtca/helpfultools/ht_launch_guide.html
NPS- Rivers Trails and Conservation Assistance: www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/rtca/helpfultools/ht_publications.html
River Management Society: www.river-management.org
Save American Rivers | 108 Nature Conservancy Organizations: https://hikeandcycle.com/american-rivers/
Universal Design for Water Trails: www.dcr.virginia.gov/recreational_planning/tr-sbiic1a.shtml
University of Minnesota - River Trail Communities: http://www.changinglandscapes.umn.edu/publications/mn-river-trail-communities-designs
Documents
Case Studies of Water Trail Impacts on Rural Communities (Johnson, 2002)
Developing Water Trails in Pennsylvania (2008, 0.7 MB)
Guidelines for Paddling Trail Development (Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission, 2007)
Iowa Small Footprint Water Access (Iowa Skunk River Paddlers)
Major Rivers: A Texas Water Education Program (Texas Water Development Board, 2007)
Major Rivers Sample Teachers Guide (Texas Water Development Board, 2006)
Practices, Ethics and Conduct (American Canoe Association)
River Access Planning Guide (NPS, American Whitewater, River Management Society)
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